Pure Cycle Corporation Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

PRESENTATION OF INTERIM INFORMATION (Policies)

PRESENTATION OF INTERIM INFORMATION (Policies)

6 Months Ended

Feb. 28, 2019

PRESENTATION OF INTERIM INFORMATION [Abstract]

Certain reclassifications have been made to the 2018 financial statements to conform to the consolidated 2019 financial statement presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on net earnings or cash flows previously reported.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include all highly liquid debt instruments with original maturities of three months or less. The Company’s cash equivalents are comprised entirely of money market funds maintained at a reputable financial institution. At various times during the three months ended February 28, 2019, the Company’s main operating account exceeded federally insured limits. To date, the Company has not suffered a loss due to such excess balance.

Land Development Inventories

Inventories primarily include land held for development and sale and are stated at cost. Capitalized lot development costs at Sky Ranch are costs incurred to construct finished lots at Sky Ranch that meet the Company’s capitalization criteria for improvements to a lot and are capitalized as incurred. The Company capitalizes certain legal, engineering, design, permitting, land acquisition, and construction costs related to the development of lots at Sky Ranch. The Company uses the specific identification method for the purpose of accumulating land development costs and allocates costs to each lot to determine the cost basis for each lot sale. The Company records land cost of sales for two of three of our builders over time based on inputs of costs to total costs and for one builder at a point in time as lots are delivered.

In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 360, Property, Plant and Equipment (“ASC 360”), the Company measures land held for sale at the lower of the carrying value or fair value less estimated costs to sell. In determining fair value, the Company primarily relies upon the most recent negotiated price. If a negotiated price is not available, the Company will consider several factors, including, but not limited to, current market conditions, recent comparable sales transactions and market analysis studies. If the fair value less estimated costs to sell is lower than the current carrying value, the land is impaired to its estimated fair value less costs to sell.

Contract Asset

Contract receivables are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. Credit is extended based on the evaluation of a customer’s financial condition and collateral is not required. Contract asset is revenue which has been earned but not invoiced. The contract assets are transferred to the receivables when the Company has the right to bill such amounts and they are invoiced.

Investments

Management determines the appropriate classification of its investments in certificates of deposit and U.S. Treasury debt securities at the time of purchase and re-evaluates such determinations each reporting period.

Certificates of deposit and U.S. Treasury debt securities are classified as held-to-maturity when the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold the securities to maturity. The Company has $191,600 of investments classified as held-to-maturity at February 28, 2019, which represent certificates of deposit with a maturity date in October 2019.

Securities that the Company does not have the positive intent or ability to hold to maturity, including certificates of deposit and U.S. Treasury debt securities, are reported at their fair value. Changes in value of such securities are recorded as a component of Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method. The Company’s U.S. Treasury debt securities matured at various dates through March 2019.

Concentration of Credit Risk and Fair Value

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents and investments. From time to time, the Company places its cash in money market instruments, certificates of deposit and U.S. Treasury obligations. To date, the Company has not experienced significant losses on any of these investments.

The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instrument for which it is practicable to estimate that value.

Cash and Cash Equivalents – The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are reported using the values as reported by the financial institution where the funds are held. These securities primarily include balances in the Company’s operating and savings accounts. The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents approximate fair value.

Trade Accounts Receivable – The Company records accounts receivable net of allowances for uncollectible accounts.

Investments – The carrying amounts of investments approximate fair value. The Company also holds a certificate of deposit that is not carried at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets and is classified as a held-to-maturity security. Investments are described further in Note 2 – Fair Value Measurements.

Accounts Payable – The carrying amounts of accounts payable approximate fair value due to the relatively short period to maturity for these instruments.

Long-Term Financial Liabilities – Comprehensive Amendment Agreement No. 1 (the “CAA”) is comprised of a recorded balance sheet and an off-balance sheet or “contingent” obligation associated with the Company’s acquisition of its “Rangeview Water Supply” (as defined in Note 4 – Water and Land Assets in Part II, Item 8 of the 2018 Annual Report). The amount payable is a fixed amount but is repayable only upon the sale of “Export Water” (as defined in Note 4 – Water and Land Assets in Part II, Item 8 of the 2018 Annual Report). Because of the uncertainty of the sale of Export Water, the Company has determined that the contingent portion of the CAA does not have a determinable fair value. The CAA is described further in Note 4 – Long-Term Obligations and Operating Lease – Participating Interests in Export Water Supply.

Notes Receivable – Related Parties – The carrying amounts of the notes receivable – related parties: Rangeview Metropolitan District (the “Rangeview District”), Sky Ranch Metropolitan District No. 5, and the Sky Ranch Community Authority Board (the “CAB”) approximate their fair value because the interest rates on the notes approximate market rates.

Off-Balance Sheet Instruments – The Company’s off-balance sheet instruments consist entirely of the contingent portion of the CAA. Because repayment of this portion of the CAA is contingent on the sale of Export Water, which is not reasonably estimable, the Company has determined that the contingent portion of the CAA does not have a determinable fair value. See further discussion in Note 4 – Long-Term Obligations and Operating Lease – Participating Interests in Export Water Supply.

Revenue Recognition

The Company disaggregates revenue by major product line as reported on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

The Company generates revenues through two lines of business. Revenues are derived through its wholesale water and wastewater business and through the sale of developed land primarily for residential lots, both of which businesses are described below.

Wholesale Water and Wastewater Fees

The Company generates revenues through its wholesale water and wastewater business predominantly from three sources: (i) monthly wholesale water usage fees and wastewater service fees, including monthly usage fees for water deliveries to the oil and gas industry for hydraulic fracturing, (ii) one-time water and wastewater tap fees and construction fees/Special Facility funding (as defined below), and (iii) consulting fees. Because these items are separately delivered and distinct, the Company accounts for each of the items separately, as described below.

(i)

Monthly water usage and wastewater treatment fees – Monthly wholesale water usage charges are assessed to the Company’s customers based on actual metered usage each month plus a base monthly service fee assessed per single family equivalent (“SFE”) unit served. One SFE is a customer, whether residential, commercial or industrial, that imparts a demand on the Company’s water or wastewater systems similar to the demand of a family of four persons living in a single-family house on a standard-sized lot. One SFE is assumed to have a water demand of approximately 0.4 acre feet per year and to contribute wastewater flows of approximately 300 gallons per day. Water usage pricing uses a tiered pricing structure. The Company recognizes wholesale water usage revenues at a point in time upon delivering water to its customers or its governmental customers’ end-use customers, as applicable. Revenues recognized by the Company from the sale of Export Water and other portions of its Rangeview Water Supply off the “Lowry Range” (as described in Note 4 – Water and Land Assets in Part II, Item 8 of the 2018 Annual Report) are shown gross of royalties to the State of Colorado Board of Land Commissioners (the “Land Board”). The Company is the distributor of the Export Water and sets pricing for the sale of Export Water. Revenues recognized by the Company from the sale of water on the Lowry Range are shown net of royalties paid to the Land Board and amounts retained by the Rangeview District. For water sales on the Lowry Range, the Rangeview District is directly selling the water and deemed the distributor of the water. The Rangeview District sets the price for the water sales on the Lowry Range. See further description of Export Water, the Lowry Range, and the Rangeview Water Supply in Note 4 – Water and Land Assets under “Rangeview Water Supply and Water System” in Part II, Item 8 of the 2018 Annual Report.

In addition to providing domestic water, the Company provides raw water for hydraulic fracturing to industrial customers in the oil and gas industry that are located in and adjacent to its service areas. Frack water revenues are recognized at a point in time upon delivering water to a customer.

The Company delivered 13.8 million and 62.7 million gallons of water to customers during the three months ended February 28, 2019 and 2018, respectively, of which 68% and 94% was used for oil and gas exploration. The Company delivered 135.4 million and 140.2 million gallons of water to customers during the six months ended February 28, 2019 and 2018, respectively, of which 79% and 90% was used for oil and gas exploration.

The Company recognizes wastewater treatment revenues monthly based on a flat monthly fee and actual usage charges. The monthly wastewater treatment fees are shown net of amounts retained by the Rangeview District. Costs of delivering water and providing wastewater service to customers are recognized as incurred.

(ii)

Water and wastewater tap fees/Special Facility funding – The Company recognizes water and wastewater tap fees as revenue at the time the Company grants a right for the customer to tap into the water or wastewater service line to obtain service. The Company recognized $392,500 and $0 of water tap fee revenues during the three months ended February 28, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $619,400 and $49,900 of water tap fee revenues during the six months ended February 28, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The water tap fees recognized are based on the amounts billed by the Rangeview District and any amounts paid to third parties pursuant to the CAA as further described in Note 4 – Long-Term Obligations and Operating Lease – Participating Interests in Export Water Supply below. The Company recognized $74,500 and $102,500 of wastewater tap fee revenues during the three and six months ended February 28, 2019, respectively. No wastewater taps were sold during the three or six months ended February 28, 2018.

The Company recognizes construction fees, including fees received to construct “Special Facilities,” over time as the construction is completed because the customer is generally able to use the property improvement to enhance the value of other assets during the construction period. Special Facilities are facilities that enable water to be delivered to a single customer and are not otherwise classified as a typical wholesale facility or retail facility. Temporary infrastructure required prior to construction of permanent water and wastewater systems or transmission pipelines to transfer water from one location to another are examples of Special Facilities. Management has determined that Special Facilities are separate and distinct performance obligations because these projects are contracted to construct a specific water and wastewater system or transmission pipeline and typically do not include multiple performance obligations in a contract with a customer. No Special Facilities revenue has been recognized during the three and six months ended February 28, 2019 or 2018.

(iii)

Consulting fees – Consulting fees are fees that the Company receives, typically on a monthly basis, from municipalities and area water providers along the I-70 corridor, for contract operations services over time as services are consumed. Consulting fees are recognized monthly based on a flat monthly fee plus charges for additional work performed. The Company recognized $50,400 and $31,600 of consulting fees during the three months ended February 28, 2019 and 2018, respectively and $110,200 and $58,000 of consulting fees during the six months ended February 28, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Land Development Activities

The Company generates revenues through the sale of finished lots at its Sky Ranch development primarily from several sources of revenues: (i) the sale of finished lots, (ii) construction support activities, (iii) project management services, and (iv) reimbursable expenses incurred to develop certain infrastructure.

(i)

Sale of finished lots – The Company acquired 931 acres of land zoned as a Master Planned Community known as Sky Ranch along the I-70 corridor east of Denver, Colorado. The Company has entered into purchase and sale agreements with three separate home builders pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell, and each builder agreed to purchase, residential lots at the property. The Company began construction of lots on March 1, 2018 and segments its reporting of the activity relating to the costs and revenues from the construction and sale of lots at Sky Ranch.

The Company sells lots at Sky Ranch pursuant to distinct agreements with each builder. These agreements follow one of two formats. One format is the sale of a finished lot, whereby the purchaser pays for a ready-to-build finished lot and payment is a lump-sum payment upon completion of the finished lot. The Company recognizes revenues at the point in time of the closing of the sale of a finished lot in which control transfers to the builder and the builder is able to obtain a building permit, as the transaction cycle is complete, and the Company has no further obligations for the lot. As of the three and six months ended February 28, 2019, the Company had received from one home builder in exchange for the delivery of four platted lots a total payment of $300,000, which was recognized at a point of time of the closing of the sale of the finished lots. No revenue was recognized for lot sales at a point in time for the three or six months ended February 28, 2018.

The Company’s second format is the sale of finished lots pursuant to a development agreement with builders, whereby the Company receives payments in stages that include (i) payment upon the delivery of platted lots (which requires the Company to deliver deeded title to individual lots), (ii) a second payment upon the completion of certain infrastructure milestones, and (iii) final payment upon the delivery of the finished lot. Ownership and control of the platted lots pass to the builders once the Company closes the sale of the platted lots. Because the builder (i.e., the customer) takes control of the lot at the first closing and subsequent improvements made by the Company improve the builder’s lot as construction progresses, the Company accounts for revenue over time with progress measured based upon costs incurred to date compared to total expected costs and any revenue in excess of amounts entitled to be billed are reflected on the balance sheet as a contract asset and amounts received in excess of revenue recognized are recorded as deferred revenue. As of February 28, 2019, the Company had received from three home builders in exchange for delivery of 150 platted lots total payments of $6.6 million, of which $5.2 million had been recognized based upon costs incurred to date compared to total expected costs. For the three and six months ended February 28, 2019, the Company recognized $1,646,400 and $3,027,600 of lot sales over time, respectively. No revenue was recognized for lot sales for the three or six months ended February 28, 2018. The Company had deferred revenue related to lot sales of $1,455,200 and $0 as of February 28, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The Company does not have any material significant payment terms as all payments are expected to be received within 12 months after the delivery of each platted lot. The Company adopted the practical expedient for financing components and does not need to account for a financing component of these lot sales as the delivery of lot sales is expected to occur within one year or less.

(ii)

Construction support activities – The Company performs certain construction activities at Sky Ranch. The activities performed include construction and maintenance of the grading erosion and sediment control best management practices and other construction-related services. These activities are invoiced upon completion and will accrue to the reimbursable amount due from the CAB upon issuance of municipal bonds by the CAB. Once the municipal bonds are issued, all reimbursable costs will be recorded as a note receivable and will reduce any remaining capitalized costs. Any excess will be recognized as a gain from the sale of municipal bond securities. To date, the Company has invoiced the CAB $340,700 for construction support activities, which amount is included in Inventories.

(iii)

Project management services – The Company entered into two Service Agreements for Project Management Services with the CAB on May 2, 2018. The CAB was organized by Sky Ranch Metropolitan District Nos. 1 and 5 to construct, operate and maintain certain public facilities and improvements in accordance with the Sky Ranch Community Authority Board Establishment Agreement and each of the service plans for Sky Ranch Metropolitan District Nos. 1 and 5. The Company has experience in providing project improvement services and is willing to provide such services to the CAB for reasonable consideration.

Pursuant to these agreements, the Company acts as the project manager and provides any and all services required to deliver the CAB-eligible improvements, including but not limited to CAB compliance; planning design and approvals; project administration; contractor agreements; and construction management and administration. The Company must submit to the CAB a monthly invoice, in a form acceptable to the CAB. Invoices must be submitted no more frequently than once a month. The Company is responsible for all expenses it incurs in the performance of the agreements and is not entitled to any reimbursement or compensation except as defined in the agreements, unless otherwise approved in advance by the CAB in writing. The CAB is subject to annual budget and appropriation procedures and does not intend to create a multiple-fiscal year direct or indirect debt or other financial obligation. The Company receives a project management fee of five percent (5%) of actual construction costs of CAB-eligible improvements. The project management fee qualifies as a reimbursable cost to the Company. The project management fee is based only on the actual costs of the improvements; thus, items such as fees, permits, review fees, consultant or other soft costs, and land acquisition or any other costs that are not directly related to the cost of construction of CAB-eligible improvements are not included in the calculation of the project management fee. Soft costs and other costs that are not directly related to the construction of CAB-eligible improvements are being accrued to the reimbursable amount due from the CAB upon issuance of municipal bonds by the CAB. Once the municipal bonds are issued, all reimbursable costs will be recorded as a note receivable and will reduce any remaining capitalized costs. Any excess will be recognized as a gain from the sale of municipal bond securities. To date, the Company has accrued $580,400 in project management services to the CAB, which amount is included in Inventories.

(iv)

Reimbursable expenses – The CAB is required to construct certain infrastructure, the costs of which qualify as reimbursable costs. Reimbursable costs include water distribution systems, sewer collection systems, storm water system, drainage improvements, roads, curb, sidewalks, landscaping, and parks. The Company is obligated to finance this infrastructure pursuant to its agreements with the CAB (see Note 14 – Related Parties in Part II, Item 8 of the 2018 Annual Report). The Company and the CAB have agreed that no payment is required with respect to advances made by the Company or expenses incurred related to construction of improvements unless and until the CAB and/or the Sky Ranch Districts (as defined in Note 6 – Related Party Transactions) issue bonds in an amount sufficient to reimburse the Company for all or a portion of the advances made and expenses incurred. Due to this contingency, the reimbursable costs are included in lot development costs until the point in time when bonding is obtained. At that point, all previously incurred reimbursable costs will be recorded as a note receivable.

The Company evaluated disaggregation of revenue and has determined that no additional disaggregation of revenue is necessary.

Contract asset by segment is as follows:

	February 28, 2019		August 31, 2018
Wholesale water and wastewater services	$	—	$	—
Land development activities		—		—
Corporate		—		—
Balance, end of period	$	—	$	—

Changes in contract asset were as follows:

	February 28, 2019			August 31, 2018
Balance, beginning of period	$	—		$	—
Recognition of revenue contract asset		1,020,146			—
Contract asset invoiced		(1,020,146	)		—
Balance, end of period	$	—		$	—

Deferred revenue by segment is as follows:

	February 28, 2019			August 31, 2018
Wholesale water and wastewater services	$	—		$	—
Land development activities		1,455,241			361,050
Oil and gas leases		88,244			116,111
Balance, end of period		1,543,485			477,161
Oil and gas leases, less current portion		(55,733	)		(55,733	)
Oil and gas leases, long term		32,511			60,378
Total oil and gas leases	$	88,244		$	116,111

Changes in deferred revenue were as follows:

	February 28, 2019			August 31, 2018
Balance, beginning of period	$	477,161		$	1,055,488
Cumulative effect of adoption of ASU 2014-09		—			(1,055,488	)
Deferral of revenue		4,121,768			2,667,200
Recognition of unearned revenue		(3,055,444	)		(2,190,039	)
Balance, end of period	$	1,543,485		$	477,161

Revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations represents contracted revenue that has not yet been recognized (“contracted not recognized revenue”), which includes unearned revenue and amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods. At February 28, 2019, the Company had outstanding open contracts for $29,387,700, which primarily related to the sale of 506 lots at Sky Ranch. The Company expects to recognize approximately 54% of such revenue over the next 12 months.

Inventories

Inventories include land held for development and sale that the Company has developed and are stated at cost. Capitalized lot development costs at Sky Ranch are costs incurred to construct finished lots at Sky Ranch that meet the Company’s capitalization criteria for improvements to a lot and are capitalized as incurred. The Company capitalizes certain legal, engineering, design, permitting, land acquisition, and construction costs related to the development of lots at Sky Ranch. The Company uses the specific identification method for purposes of accumulating land development costs and allocates costs to each lot to determine the cost basis for each lot sale. The Company records all land cost of sales for those contracts accounted for over time with progress measured based upon costs incurred to date compared to total expected costs. For customer contracts accounted for at a point in time, all costs are accumulated and recognized at the point in time control transfers to the customer, which is generally at closing for each finished lot. Inventory costs include common area costs that the Company funded through the CAB. The Company expects that the costs will be reimbursed by the CAB. The Company will record any reimbursements as a reduction of cost once the CAB has the ability to reimburse the costs (i.e., once the CAB has issued bonds).

In accordance with ASC 360, the Company measures land held for sale at the lower of the carrying value or fair value less estimated costs to sell. In determining fair value, the Company primarily relies upon the most recent negotiated price. If a negotiated price is not available, the Company will consider several factors, including, but not limited to, current market conditions, recent comparable sales transactions and market analysis studies. If the fair value less estimated costs to sell is lower than the current carrying value, the land is impaired to its estimated fair value less costs to sell.

Royalty and Other Obligations

Revenues from the sale of Export Water are shown gross of royalties payable to the Land Board. Revenues from the sale of water on the Lowry Range are invoiced directly by the Rangeview District, and a percentage of such collections are then paid to the Company by the Rangeview District. Water revenue from such sales are shown net of royalties paid to the Land Board and amounts retained by the Rangeview District.

Oil and Gas Lease Payments

As further described in Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in Part II, Item 8 of the 2018 Annual Report, the Company entered into a Paid-Up Oil and Gas Lease and a Surface Use and Damage Agreement that were subsequently purchased by a wholly owned subsidiary of ConocoPhillips Company. Two wells were drilled within the Company’s mineral interest and placed into service and began producing oil and gas and accruing royalties to the Company. During the three months ended February 28, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $44,400 and $49,800 net of taxes, respectively, in royalties attributable to these two wells. During the six months ended February 28, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $75,800 and $91,500 net of taxes, respectively, in royalties attributable to these two wells. The Company classifies income from oil and gas lease and royalty payments as Other income in the statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss) as the Company does not consider these arrangements to be a primary operating business activity.

Deferred Revenue

Deferred revenue as of February 28, 2019, was comprised of unearned revenue from a Paid-Up Oil and Gas Lease between the Company and Bison Oil and Gas, LLP, for the purpose of exploring for, developing, producing, and marketing oil and gas on the 40 acres of mineral estate that the Company owns adjacent to the Lowry Range (the “Bison Lease”) and unearned revenue from advanced payments for lot sales at Sky Ranch.

The Company received an up-front payment of $167,200 in fiscal 2018, which will be recognized as income on a straight-line basis over three years (the term of the Bison Lease). The Company recognized lease income of $13,900 during each of the three months ended February 28, 2019 and 2018 related to the up-front payment received pursuant to the Bison Lease. The Company recognized lease income of $27,900 and $23,200 during the six months ended February 28, 2019 and 2018, respectively, related to the up-front payment received pursuant to the Bison Lease. As of February 28, 2019, and August 31, 2018, the Company had deferred revenue of $88,300 and $116,100, respectively, related to the Bison Lease that will be recognized as income ratably through September 2020.

As of February 28, 2019, the Company had deferred revenue from lot sales of approximately $1.5 million, which included (1) a $4.4 million payment from two builders for sales of platted lots at Sky Ranch, net of $3.3 million of lot fee revenue recognized in the six months ended February 28, 2019, based on the input method of total project costs incurred as a percent of completion, and (2) a $2.5 million payment from two builders for sales of platted lots at Sky Ranch, net of $2.1 million of lot fee revenue recognized in fiscal 2018 based on the input method of total project costs incurred as a percent of completion.

Long-Lived Assets

The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the eventual use of the asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell.

Capitalized Costs of Water and Wastewater Systems and Depletion and Depreciation of Water Assets

Costs to construct water and wastewater systems that meet the Company’s capitalization criteria are capitalized as incurred, including any interest, and depreciated on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of up to 30 years. The Company capitalizes design and construction costs related to construction activities, and it capitalizes certain legal, engineering and permitting costs relating to the adjudication and improvement of its water assets. The Company depletes its groundwater assets that are being utilized on the basis of units produced (i.e., thousands of gallons sold) divided by the total volume of water adjudicated in the water decrees.

Share-Based Compensation

The Company maintains a stock option plan for the benefit of its employees and non-employee directors. The Company records share-based compensation costs as expense over the applicable vesting period of the stock award using the straight-line method. The compensation costs to be expensed are measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award. The Company has adopted the alternative transition method for calculating the tax effects of share-based compensation, which allows for a simplified method of calculating the tax effects of employee share-based compensation. Because the Company has a full valuation allowance on its deferred tax assets, the granting and exercise of stock options has no impact on the income tax provisions. The Company recognized $58,200 and $77,400 of share-based compensation expense during the three months ended February 28, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The Company recognized $161,700 and $157,600 of share-based compensation expense during the six months ended February 28, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Income Taxes

The Company uses a “more-likely-than-not” threshold for the recognition and de-recognition of tax positions, including any potential interest and penalties relating to tax positions taken by the Company. The Company did not have any significant unrecognized tax benefits as of February 28, 2019.

As a result of H.R.1, commonly known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”), signed into law on December 22, 2017, the Company has a $282,000 alternative minimum tax (“AMT”) deferred tax asset for which it did not have a valuation allowance as of February 28, 2019 and August 31, 2018. The Company expects to receive the AMT as a refund in future years. Most, if not all, of this credit will be refundable starting with the filing of the 2018 (fiscal year ending 2019) through 2021 (fiscal year ending 2022) tax returns, subject to limitations of Internal Revenue Code Section 382 (arises with ownership changes) and the sequestration limitation of the Balanced Budget Act of 1997. The Company has evaluated the Tax Act and determined that the impact was immaterial.

The Company files income tax returns with the Internal Revenue Service and the State of Colorado. The tax years that remain subject to examination are fiscal year 2015 through fiscal year 2018.

The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties accrued on any unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense. At February 28, 2019, the Company did not have any accrued interest or penalties associated with any unrecognized tax benefits, nor was any interest expense recognized during the three or six months ended February 28, 2019 or 2018.

Income (Loss) per Common Share

Income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during each period. Common stock options of 209,579 common share equivalents as of the six months ended February 28, 2019, were included in the calculation of income per common share as dilutive common stock equivalents using the treasury stock method. Common stock options aggregating 50,000 common share equivalents as of the six months ended February 28, 2019, have been excluded from the calculation of income per common share as their effect is anti-dilutive. Common stock options of 135,840 common share equivalents as of the six months ended February 28, 2018, were included in the calculation of income per common share as dilutive common stock equivalents using the treasury stock method. Common stock options aggregating 32,500 common share equivalents as of the six months ended February 28, 2018, have been excluded from the calculation of income per common share as their effect is anti-dilutive.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

The Company continually assesses any new accounting pronouncements to determine their applicability. When it is determined that a new accounting pronouncement affects the Company’s financial reporting, the Company undertakes a study to determine the consequence of the change to its consolidated financial statements and to ensure that there are proper controls in place to ascertain that the Company’s consolidated financial statements properly reflect the change. New pronouncements assessed by the Company recently are discussed below:

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). ASU 2016-02 provides guidance on the recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of leases. The new standard supersedes the present GAAP standard on leases and requires substantially all leases to be reported on the balance sheet as right-of-use assets and lease obligations. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company is currently assessing the impact of ASU 2016-02.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. Among other things, these amendments require the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Companies will now use forward-looking information to better inform their credit loss estimates. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently assessing the provisions of the standard and the impact of the adoption on its consolidated financial statements.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Income Statement — Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220); Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. The amendments in ASU 2018-02 allow a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Act. Consequently, the amendments eliminate the stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Act and will improve the usefulness of information reported to financial statement users. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted in any interim period after issuance of the standard. The Company believes the impact of this standard on its condensed consolidated financial statements is immaterial.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Compensation — Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting. ASU 2018-07 is intended to reduce cost and complexity and to improve financial reporting for share-based payments issued to nonemployees. This standard expands the scope of ASC Topic 718, Compensation — Stock Compensation, which currently only includes share-based payments issued to employees, to include share-based payments issued to nonemployees for goods and services. Consequently, the accounting for share-based payments to nonemployees and employees will be substantially aligned. ASU 2018-07 supersedes ASC Subtopic 505-50, Equity — Equity-Based Payments to Non-Employees. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within these fiscal years. The Company is currently in the process of assessing the impact of this ASU on its condensed consolidated financial statements.